{"title":"John A. Haymond","description":"John A. Haymond is a conflict historian; his research focuses on the history of the U.S. Army, the laws of war and the impact of war on society. He retired from the army in 2009 and resides in Yelm, Washington.","products":[{"product_id":"the-infamous-dakota-war-trials-of-1862-revenge-military-law-and-the-judgment-of-history-paperback","title":"The Infamous Dakota War Trials of 1862: Revenge, Military Law and the Judgment of History - Paperback","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The U.S.-Dakota War, the bloodiest Indian war of the 19th century, erupted in southwestern Minnesota during the summer of 1862. In the war's aftermath, a hastily convened commission of five army officers conducted trials of 391 Indians charged with murder and massacre. In 36 days, 303 Dakota men were sentenced to death. In the largest simultaneous execution in American history, 38 were hanged on a single gallows on December 26, 1862--an incident now widely considered an act of revenge rather than judicial punishment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Providing fresh insight into this controversial event, this book examines the Dakota War trials from the perspective of 19th century military law. The author discusses the causes and far-reaching consequences of the war, the claims of widespread atrocities, the modern debate over the role of culture in lawful warfare and how the war has been depicted by historians.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51367067910367,"sku":"9781476665108","price":71.91,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0813\/8958\/4607\/files\/DQHfFlTFgp9781476665108.webp?v=1789102300"},{"product_id":"black-soldiers-white-laws-the-tragedy-of-the-24th-infantry-in-1917-houston-hardcover","title":"Black Soldiers, White Laws: The Tragedy of the 24th Infantry in 1917 Houston - Hardcover","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe first full and definitive narrative of one of the most shocking and largely unknown events of racial injustice in US history: the execution of nineteen Black soldiers in Texas\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn the sweltering, rainy night of August 23, 1917, one of the most consequential events affecting America's long legacy of racism and injustice began in Houston, Texas. Inflamed by a rumor that a white mob was arming to attack them, and after weeks of police harassment, more than 100 African American soldiers of the 3rd Battalion, 24th Infantry Regiment, took their weapons without authorization and, led by a sergeant, marched into the largely Black San Felipe district of the city. Violent confrontations with police and civilians ensued and nineteen lives were lost.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Army moved quickly to court-martial 118 soldiers on charges of mutiny and murder, even though a majority of the soldiers involved had never fired their weapons. Inadequately defended en masse by a single officer who was not a lawyer and had no experience in capital cases, in three trials undermined by perjured testimony and clear racial bias, and confronted by an all-white tribunal committed to a rapid judgment, 110 Black soldiers were found guilty--despite the fact that no mutiny had, in fact, taken place. In the predawn darkness of December 11, thirteen of them were hanged at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio--hastily and in secret, without any chance to appeal. News of the largest mass execution in the Army's history outraged the country and inspired preventive legislation; and yet six more Black soldiers were executed in early 1918 and the rest were sentenced to life in prison.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Houston Incident, as it became known, has remained largely untold, a deep stain on the Army's record and pride. Award-winning historian and Army veteran John A. Haymond has spent six years researching the events surrounding the Incident and leading the efforts that ultimately led, in November 2023, to the largest act of retroactive clemency in the Army's history when the verdicts were overturned and honorable discharges awarded to all the soldiers involved. His dramatic chronicle of what transpired--situated amongst the rampant racism in Texas and the country--is a crucially important and harrowing reminder of our racially violent past, offering the promise that justice, even posthumously, can prevail.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51368430338271,"sku":"9780802164759","price":30.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0813\/8958\/4607\/files\/OA8z_cp7bv9780802164759.webp?v=1789128405"}],"url":"https:\/\/blackandbarhe.com\/collections\/john-a-haymond.oembed","provider":"Black \u0026 Barhe Bookstore","version":"1.0","type":"link"}