{"title":"Werner Sombart","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"the-jews-and-modern-capitalism-paperback","title":"The Jews and Modern Capitalism - Paperback","description":"\u003cp\u003e2015 Reprint of Original 1913 Edition. Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Werner Sombart (1863 -1941) was a German economist and sociologist and one of the leading Continental European social scientists during the first quarter of the 20th century. Sombart's \"The Jews and Modern Capitalism\" is an effort similar to Max Weber's historic study of the connection between Protestantism (especially Calvinism) and Capitalism, with Sombart documenting Jewish involvement in historic capitalist development. He argued that Jewish traders and manufacturers, excluded from the guilds, developed a distinctive antipathy to the fundamentals of medieval commerce, which they considered primitive and unprogressive. They tended to reject the medieval desire for 'just' (and fixed) wages and prices, a system in which shares of the market were agreed upon and unchanging, profits and livelihoods modest but guaranteed, and limits placed on production. Excluded from the system, Sombart argued, the Jews broke it up and replaced it with modern capitalism, in which competition was unlimited and new rules or order were established. Paul Johnson, who considers the work \"a remarkable book\", notes that Sombart left out some inconvenient truths, and ignored the powerful mystical elements of Judaism. Sombart refused to recognize, as Weber did, that wherever these religious systems, including Judaism, were at their most powerful and authoritarian, commerce did not flourish. Jewish businessmen, like Calvinist ones, tended to operate most successfully when they had left their traditional religious environment and moved on to fresher pastures. Chapters on: The contribution of the Jews to modern economic life. Introductory -- The shifting of the centre of economic life since the sixteenth century -- The quickening of international trade -- The foundation of modern colonies -- The foundation of the modern state -- The predominance of commerce in economic life -- The growth of a capitalistic point of view in economic life -- pt. 2. The aptitude of the Jews for modern capitalism. The problem -- What is a capitalist undertaker? -- The objective circumstances in the Jewish aptitude for modern capitalism -- The significance of the Jewish religion in economic life -- Jewish characteristics -- pt. 3. The origin of the Jewish genius. The race problem -- The vicissitudes of the Jewish people.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51367564083423,"sku":"9781614277637","price":25.83,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0813\/8958\/4607\/files\/AyV1g8HOEq9781614277637.webp?v=1789109827"},{"product_id":"the-jews-and-modern-capitalism-paperback-1","title":"The Jews And Modern Capitalism - Paperback","description":"\u003cp\u003en interesting study could be made of the fertilizing effect of error in the intellectual world. What a revolution has been caused in historical studies by the enormous errors of those misguided but prolific Germans, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Werner Sombart! The importance of these men is that they obliged scholars to ask new questions: the fact that their own answers were erroneous is a secondary matter. Immediate falsities were soon exposed; ultimately a whole new science was born and more scrupulous thinkers gave exacter answers. Indirectly the new science and the exacter answers owe their existence to the first challenge. The errors of Werner Sombart were certainly heroic. Himself an economist, not a historian, erudite indeed but careless of evidence, he was suddenly inspired by Max Weber's thesis about the relation of the Protestant ethic to capitalism to offer an alternative answer. Why, in the 16th century, had the center of economic power shifted from Southern to Northern Europe, from the Mediterranean to Antwerp, London, and Amsterdam? The discovery of America and the East Indies is no answer-is Hamburg really nearer to the Far East than Venice? Some other explanation is required. Weber had supplied one ideological explanation: Protestantism had created the capitalism of the North. In search of another, Sombart hovered briefly over a desperately insufficient understanding of history, and then, seeing it, or thinking he saw it, pounced. In 1492 the Jews had been expelled from Spain, in 1495 from Portugal, and later from some Italian cities. Whither had they gone? Some few had gone to Northern Europe. What need of further argument? The thesis is proved: \"Modern capitalism is nothing more nor less than an expression of the Jewish spirit\"; it only needs to be illustrated. Sombart's book The Jews and Modern Capitalism, which appeared in Leipzig in 1911, is the illustration of it, rich, suggestive, intellectually irresponsible, and in its political consequences ultimately disastrous. Himself a Gentile, an admirer of the Jews, he became involuntarily a Founding Father of anti-Semitism.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51377628741855,"sku":"9781544050898","price":18.29,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0813\/8958\/4607\/files\/0UAO5z_xfS9781544050898.webp?v=1789236232"}],"url":"https:\/\/blackandbarhe.com\/collections\/werner-sombart.oembed","provider":"Black \u0026 Barhe Bookstore","version":"1.0","type":"link"}