Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, born December 11, 1918, was an influential Russian author best known for his astute and stark commentary on Soviet totalitarianism. A World War II veteran, Solzhenitsyn was arrested for disparaging Joseph Stalin in a private letter, resulting in an eight-year sentence in a labor camp, followed by permanent internal exile. It was his experiences in the Gulag system that gave birth to his profound literary works.
In 1962, under Nikita Khrushchev’s policy of cultural liberalization, Solzhenitsyn achieved prominence following the publication of his novel, 'One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich', telling the grim reality of daily life in a Soviet gulag. In the years following, he composed several more writings, including the distinguished works - 'The Gulag Archipelago' and 'Cancer Ward', chronicling the lives of people trapped in Soviet labor camps and hospitals.
In 1970, Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature." His constant denouncement of the Soviet regime led to his expulsion from the Soviet Union in 1974. He lived in exile in the United States until 1994. Amidst criticism and reverence, he remains one of Russia's most celebrated writers. His works continue to influence global perceptions of the 20th-century Soviet Union.